Other Insiders
Other insiders: relatives, vehicles and unclassified filers
Closely associated persons under EU rules
The EU Market Abuse Regulation (Article 3(1)(26)) defines a person closely associated with a manager as a spouse or equivalent partner, a dependent child, a relative who has shared the same household for at least one year, or a legal person, trust or partnership that such a person manages, controls, set up for their benefit, or whose economic interests are substantially equivalent to theirs. Under Article 19(1), these persons notify their transactions just as the manager does.
What else ends up here
Family members named as such, holding companies, family offices, funds and other legal entities that file without an executive title, trustees, affiliates, technical staff titles in Chinese filings, and filers whose title is blank, a placeholder or see remarks. Titles the site cannot match to any role also fall here, which makes this the most mixed bucket on the site.
How to read these trades
A trade by a spouse or a holding company can reflect the decision of the manager behind it, so the original filing matters more here than the bucket. None of the studies cited on the other role pages isolates this group, and their findings on purchases versus sales apply to it only by extension. The site's measured results are on the performance page.