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Built in Paris. Public sources across 43 markets: AMF France, SEC EDGAR Form 4 US, BaFin Germany, SIX SER Switzerland, RNS United Kingdom, SEDI Canada, Consob Italy, CNMV Spain, AFM Netherlands, FSMA Belgium, Oslo Bors Norway, Nasdaq Helsinki, Nasdaq Copenhagen, ASX Australia, FMA Austria, CVM Brazil, HKEX Hong Kong, BSE-Sofia Bulgaria, Tadawul Saudi Arabia, DART South Korea, EDINET Japan, SSE and SZSE China, SEBI India, KNF Poland, PSE Philippines, NZX New Zealand, JSE South Africa, among others. Prices + fundamentals via Yahoo Finance, STOXX 600 sector ETFs (iShares Xetra). Stack: Next.js 16, Prisma, Vercel. Live out-of-sample tracker since 2026-05-27. Methodology audits: /methodologie and /docs/method-review/.

Sources: official public filings under MAR Art.19 (EU and EEA), SEC Section 16 / Form 4 (US), Art.56 SESTA (CH, SIX SER), NI 55-104 / SEDI (CA), Corporations Act s205G (AU) and equivalent regimes. Signals on this site are for educational use only and do not constitute investment advice within the meaning of MiFID II / SEC Reg-IA. Past performance does not guarantee future results. Swiss SIX SER filings are anonymised by law (role only, no name).

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Sigma Journal, insider research, quant studies, transparency · page 44

Sigma Journal

When insiders speak, we transcribe.

Long-form, data-driven studies on 1.6M+ filings across 43 markets. Comparative regulation, walk-forward backtests, profiles, market mechanics.

780

published studies

1.6M+

filings analysed

43

markets covered

All Regulation & Transparency Quant & Backtests Insider Profiles Market Mechanics Engineering Industry Analysis Newsletter

Market Mechanics

Groupe Airwell insider selling lands after a weak year

Laurent Roegel sold about EUR 1,939 of Groupe Airwell on July 9 as the HVAC name trades near EUR 1.5 after a weak 2025.

Jul 10, 20269 min

Market Mechanics

Predilife insider buying meets a weak small-cap tape

Predilife’s CEO bought again as a June cluster builds. Read the filing against French medtech, Novacyt, and a bruised micro-cap tape.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Jul 10, 202610 min

Market Mechanics

Séché Environnement insider buying cluster meets a soft tape

Séché Environnement’s CEO kept buying into July weakness. Read the cluster against a cautious European waste tape and Veolia’s stronger run.

Jul 10, 20269 min

Regulation & Transparency

Insider disclosure rules by country: a filing deadline and threshold comparison

How insider trading disclosure works in 10 markets: US Form 4, Canada SEDI, UK and EU MAR, France AMF, Germany BaFin, Japan EDINET, Korea DART, Australia ASX and India SEBI, with deadlines, thresholds and the traps that apply everywhere.

Jul 10, 20268 min

Regulation & Transparency

SEC Form 4 explained: how US insider filings work

Who must file SEC Form 4, the 2-business-day deadline, transaction codes P, S, A, M, F, G, and the traps (10b5-1 plans, option exercises, tax withholding) that make raw filings misleading.

Jul 10, 20267 min

Regulation & Transparency

SEDI filing rules: who reports what in Canada, and when

Who counts as a reporting insider under NI 55-104, the 10-day initial and 5-calendar-day subsequent deadlines, the nature-of-transaction codes (10, 30, 47, 50, 51), and the Part 5 and 6 exemptions that delay filings.

Jul 10, 20268 min

Regulation & Transparency

MAR Article 19 in practice: deadlines, thresholds and closed periods

How MAR Article 19 works across the EU: the 3-business-day PDMR deadline, the EUR 20,000 threshold set by the 2024 Listing Act (EUR 50,000 in France), 30-day closed periods, and why no central register exists.

Jul 10, 20269 min

Regulation & Transparency

FCA PDMR notifications explained: UK insider filing rules

Who counts as a PDMR under UK MAR, the 3 working day deadline plus the issuer's 2 days, the EUR 5,000 threshold the UK kept while the EU moved on, RNS and NSM publication, and the traps in reading the filings.

Jul 10, 20269 min

Regulation & Transparency

AMF insider declarations explained: how French dirigeant filings work

Who files declarations des dirigeants with the AMF, the 3-trading-day deadline, the EUR 50,000 threshold effective end of 2025, the BDIF database, and the traps (closed periods, zero-price gifts, two-row option exercises) in French filings.

Jul 10, 20268 min

Regulation & Transparency

BaFin directors' dealings explained: how German insider filings work

Who files managers' transactions with BaFin, the 3-business-day deadline, the EUR 50,000 threshold from 2026, and the BaFin Directors' Dealings database (a rolling 12-month public window) under MAR Article 19 and the WpHG.

Jul 10, 20268 min

Regulation & Transparency

EDINET explained: how Japan's large shareholding and insider filings work

How Japan's EDINET system and the FIEA 5% Rule work: Large Shareholding Reports, the five-business-day deadline, 1% change reports, institutional Special Reporting, and why there is no Form 4 on EDINET.

Jul 10, 20269 min

Regulation & Transparency

DART insider filings explained: how Korean ownership disclosure works

Who files insider and ownership reports on Korea's DART, the 5 business day deadline, the 5 percent large-holding rule, the 2024 advance-disclosure regime, and how to read a FSCMA filing.

Jul 10, 20269 min